A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can occur anywhere in your urinary system, including your bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys. Most UTIs affect the bladder and urethra.

UTIs are usually caused by bacteria, most commonly E. coli, which naturally live in the intestines but can enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Risk factors include poor hygiene, dehydration, sexual activity, or holding urine for long periods.

• A strong, persistent urge to urinate
• Burning or pain while urinating
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Lower abdominal or pelvic discomfort
• Occasionally, blood in the urine

If left unaddressed, UTIs can spread to the kidneys, leading to serious complications such as kidney infections, high fever, or even sepsis (a life-threatening bloodstream infection). Prompt care helps relieve symptoms faster and reduces these risks.

A clinician can often identify a UTI based on your symptoms and medical history. Signs like burning while urinating, frequent urges to go, and pelvic discomfort are usually enough to determine the next steps. Lab testing is often not required to begin care.

Most UTIs are resolved with a short course of antibiotics prescribed by a clinician. Completing the full course is essential, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.

Untreated UTIs can spread to the kidneys, causing severe pain, fever, vomiting, and potential long-term kidney damage. In rare cases, the infection can enter the bloodstream, which can be life-threatening.

Home remedies, like drinking plenty of water or using cranberry supplements, may provide temporary relief but will not clear the infection. Prescription antibiotics are required to fully resolve a UTI.

• Drink plenty of water every day
• Urinate after sexual activity
• Wipe front to back after using the bathroom
• Avoid holding urine for long periods
• Avoid irritating feminine products or douches